In this study, when we adjusted for several con-founders (excepting gestational age), we observed an elevated risk for neonatal mortality among twin births to unmarried mothers regardless of the racial group. Loading the gestational age variable into the model confirmed that shortened gestation was the pathway (intermediary variable) through which the preponderance of neonatal mortality [...]

Out of a total of 446,570 twins delivered in the United States, 395,540 (88.6%) were live births to either white (325,130 or 82.2%) or to black mothers (70,410 or 17.8%). Results of comparisons between twins of married versus those of single gravidas with respect to selected sociodemographic characteristics stratified by race are summarized in Table [...]

The data set, “The Matched Multiple Birth File,” assembled by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) was used for this analysis. This data set includes U.S. live births and fetal deaths among twins and higher order multiples for the years 1995 through 1998. The completeness of this file is excellent (99%), and the procedures [...]

INTRODUCTION
The neonatal period is very critical for infant survival and development. The increased vulnerability of the neonate is responsible for its lower survival threshold as compared to postneonates. In general, neonatal mortality rates are about twice the post-neonatal rates for nearly all racial/ethnic groups. Twin neonates are even more vulnerable than singletons. National rates of [...]

Our study found a substantial level of prenatal HIV (Viramune tablets treating HIV infection) counseling and testing six years after the publication of the 1995 PHS guidelines on routine HIV counseling and voluntary testing for pregnant women. In this sample of low-income pregnant and recently postpartum women, a majority were counseled about the HIV test (87.8%) [...]

Our survey of 433 women with self-identified race and ethnicity revealed that most women were counseled about the HIV test (87.8%) and tested (70.2%). Of the 428 women for whom counseling status was known, 5% reported that they were tested prenatally but not counseled about HIV (Generic Viramune treating HIV infection), and 18% reported that [...]

Study Population and Procedures
The sample comprised pregnant and postpartum women (<3 months after delivery) enrolled in the Massachusetts Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Program in 2001. WIC clients are not counseled about HIV testing or referred for prenatal HIV testing.